Craniotomy for tumor: Surgical opening of the skull, usually by creating a flap of bone.

Stereotactic Surgery: Surgical technique whereby the exact target (i.e., tumor, lesion, AVM) is calculated three-dimensionally utilizing CT or MRI and computer and subjected to a high dose of radiation. CT or MRI Neuronavigational are image-guided neurosurgery to aid in the accurate removal of brain tumors.

Transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors: Surgery performed through the nose and sphenoid sinus to remove pituitary tumors. Transsphenoidal surgery can be performed with an endoscope, microscope, or both. It is often a team effort between neurosurgeons and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons.

VP Shunt Placement: Surgery to treat excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain (hydrocephalus).